Therefore, further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. This finding supports the alcohol cessation programs to reduce alcohol use among the general population. However, there is insufficient evidence in regard to the dose-response relationship between alcohol drinking and risk of suicide.
Risk Factors
There were statistically significant interactions between positive BAC and age, Blacks, and Asian/Pacific Islanders. In a Danish study, Jessen et al16 examined over 24,000 suicide attempts by patients from 11 countries whose facilities were participating in the World Health Organization/Europe (WHO/EURO) Multicentre Study on Parasuicide. In this study, there were fewer suicide attempts than projected before the Christmas holiday and approximately 40 percent more attempts afterwards.
Among suicide decedents using alcohol, in poisoning and hanging suicides, BAC was highest for Hispanics, intermediate for Whites, and lowest for Asians/Pacific Islanders, yet for firearm molly mdma wikipedia suicides, BAC was comparably high in Whites and Hispanics. Alcohol is the most often detected substance in the body of a person who has committed suicide. It may be used to reduce the last instinctive hestitations to taking one’s own life. People with cancer-related depression often use alcohol as a means of coping but they very rarely use it in order to kill themselves through acute intoxication. However, a case of a cancer patient who committed suicide consuming two bottles of spirit was recently investigated and the conclusions are presented.
Suicidal poisoning refers to intoxication with carbon monoxide contained in the light gas. Suicide cannot be ruled out when a dead body is found in a garage and the CO is released in car exhaust fumes 22. It is not only because of the necessity to determine the suicide while excluding the possibility of a murder or an accident, but also in specific cases it is necessary to consider the possibility of death from poisoning, and not from natural causes. In most situations, the poisons used for suicide do not cause any characteristic pathological changes or specific clinical symptoms. Even if it has already been established that the cause of death was the use of a toxic substance, determination of a suicide poses serious difficulties, because in the case of criminal poisoning, the perpetrator tries to make it look like a suicide or accidental poisoning.
Risk factors
It is well known that traumatic deaths are common in male victims, whereas females prefer less violent deaths and less fatal means, although this depends on age, nationality, and mental health status 1, 6, 50. To identify potential risk factors, we performed descriptive analyses comparing DSP and non-DSP reports, fatal and non-fatal DSP reports, and specific (for the five most reported drugs) and general DSP reports. We compared demographics (sex, age, weight, country), reporting characteristics (reporter occupation, submission), outcome, alcohol use, and psychiatric comorbidity.
- Findings indicated that there was a decrease in suicide attempts during the Christmas holiday, with a rebound increase during the New Year holiday.
- The majority of studies used multiple years of mortality data, with study designs falling primarily into two categories.
- Also reviewed were reference lists of included papers and relevant review articles to identify additional cited references that met inclusion criteria.
- To help expand the use of e-mental health services, we developed four online learning modules based on our Toolkit for E-Mental Health Implementation, in collaboration with the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH).
- It is important to determine what chemical agent the suicide was caused by.
The analysis does not include the ICD-10 code X84 “Intentional self-harm by unspecified means”, which could involve poisoning suicide attempts. They are often described as an “external cause of death,” which is imprecise and untrue 4. Quetiapine is frequently used for conditions at high suicide risk, such as psychotic and mood disorders 66. The 2-week delay in therapeutic effect requires careful monitoring of these patients, especially in the early stages of treatment and following dosage changes. Quetiapine recorded a higher contribution by women (65.4%) and was often reported together with paracetamol, venlafaxine and diazepam, primarily with sedation and coma, and with aspiration pneumonia.
Unique Background and Interactions
To explore this issue, we undertook a literature search of the PsycINFO and PubMed databases for empirical studies relating to this phenomenon. Following the Christmas holiday, there appears to be a rebound phenomena with these latter behaviors—a concerning pattern that is relevant for both psychiatrists and primary care clinicians. We also searched the Psycinfo web site and journals and contacted authors. We included observational (cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional) studies addressing the association between AUD and suicide. The primary outcomes were suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and completed suicide. We explored publication bias using the Egger’s and Begg’s tests and funnel plot.
The more heavily and habitually one drinks, the more vulnerable they are to these risks. The results suggested that alcohol use before suicide was influenced by several factors, including age, race/ethnicity, and suicide method. These overall findings suggest that clinicians, in both psychiatry and primary care settings, might anticipate an overall decrease in psychopathology-related phenomena immediately before the Christmas holiday.
Self-Harm Behavior
In other countries, hydrogen sulfide and helium are used for suicide purposes (e.g., Japan) 4. Suicide is a global phenomenon that results from a complex interaction between risk factors and triggers, including alcohol and drugs 1. Consciousness disorders caused by alcohol consumption or the use of other psychoactive substances are observed in 25%–50% of all suicide victims 2. To specifically retrieve DSP reports and minimize potential misclassifications, we excluded drug-induced suicidal ideation (possibly enacted through non-drug-related media) and accidental overdose (i.e., overdose without self-injurious intent). We searched for ‘intentional overdose’ and ‘poisoning deliberate’ in the event and reason for use (indication) fields.